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Underarm skin irritation causes + 5 pro tips to avoid

Underarm is particularly sensitive and prone to irritation and dryness. But what causes these symptoms and what can you do to avoid them? 

Underarm skin irritation causes

One of the main reasons underarm skin is so sensitive is its very location. Friction and sweat occur on a daily basis, and when combined with the use of anti-perspirant cosmetics and various hair removal techniques, they bring about redness, tenderness, itchiness, and even rashes. 

If you do have underarm rashes, they might be caused by eczema, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis or candida. This is why it’s important to seek professional medical advice if your symptoms last for a longer period of time or are particularly uncomfortable. 

5 pro tips to avoid skin irritation

  1. Practice good hygiene. Shower or bathe often, but keep it short, and make sure your water is lukewarm to warm. Adding oatmeal or apple cider vinegar into your bath water can help relieve underarm irritation.
  2. Keep cool and dry. Loose clothing made from natural fibers allows your skin to breathe, so avoid tight, synthetic tops, especially in warm weather. Cotton and linen are your best bet. Avoid staying in the sun or in humid environments. Sleep with a fan or air conditioning to avoid overheating at night. 
  3. Don’t scratch. If your underarms are itchy, avoid scratching as much as possible. Gently pat the skin instead, and apply ice cubes for temporary relief. 
  4. Shave properly. If you’re shaving your underarms, make sure you do it properly. Start by exfoliating the skin to avoid ingrown hairs, then wet it and apply plenty of foam. Shave using short strokes in different directions, but don’t go over the same area too many times. Apply aloe vera gel at the end and wait before using any other cosmetics on the area. 
  5. Moisturize and protect your skin. Opt for a natural deodorant designed especially for sensitive skin, such as Swissflex Deo Roll-On. Not only does it reduce odour-causing bacteria, but it also soothes irritation and moisturizes the skin. 

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response.json()) .then(data => { params.success(data); }) .catch((error) => { console.error('Error:', error); }); } static isIE() { var ua = navigator.userAgent; var is_ie = ua.indexOf("MSIE ") > -1 || ua.indexOf("Trident/") > -1; return is_ie; } static extractImageObject(val) { if(!val || val == '') return false; var val = val; // Handle src-sets if(val.search(/([0-9]+w?h?x?,)/gi) > -1) { val = val.split(/([0-9]+w?h?x?,)/gi)[0]; } var hostBegin = val.indexOf('//') ? val.indexOf('//') : 0; var hostEnd = val.lastIndexOf('/') + 1; var host = val.substring(hostBegin, hostEnd); var afterHost = val.substring(hostEnd, val.length); var url = val; var file = ''; var name = ''; var type = ''; afterHost = afterHost.substring(0, (afterHost.indexOf("#") == -1) ? afterHost.length : afterHost.indexOf("#")); afterHost = afterHost.substring(0, (afterHost.indexOf("?") == -1) ? afterHost.length : afterHost.indexOf("?")); name = afterHost.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x|_{size})?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(png\.jpg|jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, ""); if(afterHost.search(/(\.png\.jpg|\.jpg\.jpg)/gi) > -1) { type = afterHost.substring(afterHost.search(/(\.png\.jpg|\.jpg\.jpg)/gi)+1, afterHost.length); } else { type = afterHost.substring(afterHost.lastIndexOf('.')+1, afterHost.length); } file = afterHost.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x|_{size})?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(png\.jpg|jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, '.'+type); return { host: host, name: name, type: type, file: file } } static getCurrentLanguage() { return window.langify.locale.iso_code; } static setLanguage(code) { } static getCookie(name) { var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?' + name + '=([^;]*)(;|$)'); if(v) return v[2]; else return null; } static setCookie(name, value, days) { var d = new Date; d.setTime(d.getTime() + 24*60*60*1000*days); document.cookie = name + "=" + value + ";path=/;expires=" + d.toGMTString(); } static getVersion() { return 2; } static isOutOfViewport (elem) { var bounding = elem.getBoundingClientRect(); var out = {}; out.top = bounding.top < 0; out.left = bounding.left < 0; out.bottom = Math.ceil(bounding.bottom) >= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight); out.right = bounding.right > (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth); out.any = out.top || out.left || out.bottom || out.right; out.inViewport = bounding.x > 0 && bounding.y > 0; return out; } static isDomainFeatureEnabled() { return window.langify.locale.domain_feature_enabled; } static getVal(str) { var v = window.location.search.match(new RegExp('(?:[?&]'+str+'=)([^&]+)')); return v ? v[1] : null; } static inIframe() { try { return window.self !== window.top; } catch (e) { return true; } } static shopifyAPI() { var root_url = window.langify.locale.root_url != '/' ? window.langify.locale.root_url : ''; return { attributeToString: function(attribute) { if((typeof attribute) !== 'string') { attribute += ''; if(attribute === 'undefined') {attribute = '';} } return attribute.trim(); }, getCart: function(callback) { LyHelper.ajax({ method: 'GET', url: root_url+'/cart.js', success: function (cart, textStatus) { if((typeof callback) === 'function') { callback(cart); } } }); }, updateCartNote: function(note, callback) { var params = { method: 'POST', url: root_url+'/cart/update.js', data: 'note=' + this.attributeToString(note), dataType: 'json', success: function(cart) {if((typeof callback) === 'function') {callback(cart);}}, error: this.onError }; LyHelper.ajax(params); }, updateCartAttributes: function(attributes, callback) { var params = { method: 'POST', url: root_url+'/cart/update.js', data: {"attributes": attributes}, dataType: 'json', success: function(cart) { if((typeof callback) === 'function') { callback(cart); } }, error: this.onError }; LyHelper.ajax(params); }, onError: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus) { } } } static loadScript(url, callback) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; if(script.readyState) { script.onreadystatechange = function () { if(script.readyState == 'loaded' || script.readyState == 'complete') { script.onreadystatechange = null; callback(); } }; } else { script.onload = function () { callback(); }; } script.src = url; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script); } static localizationRedirect(type, code, additionalFields, additionalParams, domain) { if(type !== 'country_code' && type !== 'language_code') { return false; } if(!additionalParams) { var additionalParams = ''; } if(domain) { window.location.href = domain; return true; } var params = [ { name: type, value: code }, { name: 'return_to', value: window.location.pathname + window.location.search + additionalParams + window.location.hash }, { name: 'form_type', value: 'localization' }, { name: '_method', value: 'put' } ]; if(additionalFields) { for(var i=0; i childList'); }); } } // Off Screen //else if(targetIsIntersecting == true && intersection.isIntersecting == false) { // stopMutationObserver(target); //} target.setAttribute('ly-is-intersecting', intersection.isIntersecting); }); } // Mutation Observer function startMutationObserver(observerTarget) { if (!observerTarget) { var target = document.documentElement || document.body; // main window } else { if (observerTarget.nodeName === 'IFRAME') { try { var target = observerTarget.contentDocument || observerTarget.contentWindow.document; } catch { return false; } } else { var target = observerTarget; } } mutationObs = new MutationObserver(callbackDomChange); mutationObs.observe(target, mutationObsConfig); observedNodes.push(target); try { target.setAttribute('ly-is-observing', 'true'); } catch(e) {} } function stopMutationObserver(target) { if(observedNodes.indexOf(target) > -1) { observedNodes.splice(observedNodes.indexOf(target), 1); } var mutations = mutationObs.takeRecords(); mutationObs.disconnect(); observedNodes.forEach(node => { mutationObs.observe(node, mutationObsConfig); }); try { target.removeAttribute('ly-is-observing'); } catch(e) {} } function callbackDomChange(mutations, mutationObs) { for (var i = 0, length = mutations.length; i < length; i++) { var mutation = mutations[i]; var target = mutation.target; // Links-Hook if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && (mutation.attributeName === 'href' || mutation.attributeName === 'action')) { var target = mutation.target; translateLink(target.getAttribute(mutation.attributeName), target); } // Images-Hook else if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && (mutation.attributeName === 'src' || mutation.attributeName === 'data-src' || mutation.attributeName === 'srcset' || mutation.attributeName === 'data-srcset')) { translateImage(target, mutation.attributeName); } else if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && mutation.attributeName === 'style') { translateCssImage(target); } // Subtree Events else if (mutation.type === 'childList') { // Added Nodes if(mutation.addedNodes.length > 0) { var elementNodes = getNodesUnder(mutation.target, 'SHOW_ELEMENT'); var textNodes = getNodesUnder(mutation.target, 'SHOW_TEXT'); var nodes = elementNodes.concat(textNodes); nodes.forEach(function(node) { translate(node, 'mutation -> childList'); }); } } // CharacterData Events else if (mutation.type === 'characterData') { var target = mutation.target; translate(target, 'mutation -> characterData'); } } } function translate(node, info) { if((node.nodeType === 1 && node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked')) || (node.nodeType === 3 && node.parentNode && node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked'))) { return; } // CC-Hook if (node.nodeName !== 'SCRIPT' && node.nodeName !== 'STYLE') { if (node.nodeType === 3) { translateTextNode(node, info); } translateNodeAttrs(node); } // Links-Hook if (node.nodeName === 'A' || node.nodeName === 'FORM') { if(node.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; var url = node.getAttribute(attrName); translateLink(url, node); } // Images-Hook if (node.nodeName === 'IMG' || node.nodeName === 'SOURCE') { translateImage(node, ['src', 'data-src', 'srcset', 'data-srcset']); } if (node.attributes && node.getAttribute('style')) { translateCssImage(node); } // Iframe Observation if (node.nodeName === 'IFRAME') { // Todo: handle srcdoc iframe content observing if (node.getAttribute('ly-is-observing') == null && node.getAttribute('src') == null && !node.hasAttribute('srcdoc')) { node.setAttribute('ly-is-observing', 'true'); startMutationObserver(node); } } } function translateNodeAttrs(node) { if (node.attributes && node.getAttribute('placeholder')) { var src = node.getAttribute('placeholder').trim().replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gim,"").replace(/\s+/g," ").toLowerCase(); if(customContents_text[src] && node.getAttribute('placeholder') !== customContents_text[src]) { node.setAttribute('placeholder', customContents_text[src]); } } } function translateTextNode(node, info) { if(langify.settings.observeCustomContents === false || !node.textContent || node.textContent.trim().length === 0) { return; } var src = node.textContent.trim().replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gim,"").replace(/\s+/g," ").toLowerCase(); if(customContents_text[src] && node.textContent !== customContents_text[src]) { var newContent = node.textContent.replace(node.textContent.trim(), customContents_text[src]); if (newContent != node.textContent) { if(!node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count') || parseInt(node.parentNode.getAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count')) < langify.settings.maxMutations) { var count = node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count') ? parseInt(node.parentNode.getAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count')) : 0; node.parentNode.setAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count', count+1); node.textContent = newContent; mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (TEXT)', { oldValue: src, newValue: customContents_text[src], mutationCount, }, 'success' ); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslatetext', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, original: src, translation: customContents_text[src] } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } } function translateLink(url, node) { if(langify.settings.observeLinks === false || isLocalizationForm(node) || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || !url || (url.indexOf('mailto:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('javascript:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('tel:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('file:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('ftp:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('sms:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('market:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('fax:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('callto:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('ts3server:') !== -1)) { return; } var isLocalized = ( url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code || url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase() +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase() || url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase().substring(0,2) +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase().substring(0,2) ); var cleanUrl = url.replace(langify.locale.shop_url, ''); var re = new RegExp(`\/\\b${langify.locale.iso_code.replace('-', '\-')}\\b\/`, 'gi'); var link = cleanUrl.replace(re, '/'); var isUrlAbsolute = (link.indexOf('://') > 0 || link.indexOf('//') === 0); var blacklist = ['#', '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code +'#'].concat(langify.settings.linksBlacklist); var isUrlBlacklisted = blacklist.find(x => url.indexOf(x) === 0); if(!isLocalized && !isUrlAbsolute && !isUrlBlacklisted && langify.locale.root_url != '/') { if(node.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; if(link === '/' || link == langify.locale.root_url) link = ''; var newLink = langify.locale.root_url + link; var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); node.setAttribute(attrName, newLink); if(node.hasAttribute('data-'+attrName)) node.setAttribute('data-'+attrName, newLink); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (LINK)', { attrName, oldValue: url, newValue: newLink, mutationCount, }, 'success' ); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslatelink', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, attribute: attrName, original: url, translation: newLink } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } function translateImage(node, attr) { if(langify.settings.observeImages === false || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || Object.keys(customContents_image).length === 0) { return } var attrs = []; if(typeof attr === 'string') attrs.push(attr); else if(typeof attr === 'object') attrs = attr; var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); attrs.forEach(function(attr) { if(node.hasAttribute(attr)) { var imgObject = LyHelper.extractImageObject(node.getAttribute(attr)); var imgKey = imgObject ? imgObject.file.toLowerCase() : ''; if(customContents_image[imgKey]) { // Replace var oldValue = node.getAttribute(attr); var translation = node.getAttribute(attr); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.host, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].host); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.name, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].name); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.type, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].type); // China Hook if(node.getAttribute(attr).indexOf('cdn.shopifycdn.net') >= 0) { translation = translation.replace(new RegExp('cdn.shopify.com', 'g'), 'cdn.shopifycdn.net'); } if(node.getAttribute(attr) != translation) { node.setAttribute(attr, translation); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (IMAGE)', { attrName: attr, oldValue: oldValue, newValue: translation, mutationCount, }, 'success'); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslateimage', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, attribute: attr, original: oldValue, translation: translation } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } }); } } function translateCssImage(node) { if(langify.settings.observeImages === false || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || Object.keys(customContents_image).length === 0 || !node.getAttribute('style')) { return } var imgMatches = node.getAttribute('style').match(/url\(("|')?(.*)("|')?\)/gi); if(imgMatches !== null) { var imgSource = imgMatches[0].replace(/url\(("|')?|("|')?\)/, ''); var imgObject = LyHelper.extractImageObject(imgSource); var imgKey = imgObject ? imgObject.file.toLowerCase() : ''; var attr = 'style'; if(customContents_image[imgKey]) { // Replace var translation = node.getAttribute(attr); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.host, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].host); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.name, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].name); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.type, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].type); // China Hook if(node.getAttribute(attr).indexOf('cdn.shopifycdn.net') >= 0) { translation = translation.replace(new RegExp('cdn.shopify.com', 'g'), 'cdn.shopifycdn.net'); } if(node.getAttribute(attr) != translation) { var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); node.setAttribute(attr, translation); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; } } } } } function findAndLocalizeLinks(target, parent) { if(target.parentNode && parent) var allLinks = target.parentElement.querySelectorAll('[href],[action]'); else var allLinks = target.querySelectorAll('[href],[action]'); allLinks.forEach(link => { if(link.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; var url = link.getAttribute(attrName); translateLink(url, link); }); } function isLocalizationForm(node) { if(node.querySelector('input[name="form_type"][value="localization"]')){ return true; } return false; } function getNodesUnder(el, show){ var n, a=[], walk=document.createTreeWalker(el, NodeFilter[show] , null, false); while(n=walk.nextNode()) a.push(n); return a; } function spreadCustomContents() { var getFileName = function(url) { if(!url || url == '') return; url = url.substring(0, (url.indexOf("#") == -1) ? url.length : url.indexOf("#")); url = url.substring(0, (url.indexOf("?") == -1) ? url.length : url.indexOf("?")); url = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/") + 1, url.length); url = url.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x)?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, ""); return '/' + url; } Object.entries(customContents).forEach(function(entry) { //if(/<\/?[a-z][\s\S]*>/i.test(entry[0])) customContents_html[entry[0]] = entry[1]; //else if(/(http(s?):)?([/|.|\w|\s|-])*\.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)/.test(entry[0])) customContents_image[getFileName(entry[0])] = getFileName(entry[1]); if(/(http(s?):)?([/|.|\w|\s|-])*\.(?:jpe?g|gif|png|webp)/.test(entry[0])) customContents_image[LyHelper.extractImageObject(entry[0]).file] = LyHelper.extractImageObject(entry[1]); else customContents_text[entry[0]] = entry[1]; }); LyHelper.log('CUSTOM CONTENTS:', {customContents, customContents_text, customContents_image}, 'info') } // Polyfill for old browsers function startMutationEvents() { var target = document.querySelector('body'); target.addEventListener("DOMAttrModified", function (event) { if(event.attrName === 'href' || event.attrName === 'action') { if(event.prevValue != event.newValue) { translateLink(event.newValue, event.target); } } }, false); target.addEventListener("DOMSubtreeModified", function (event) { //findAndLocalizeLinks(event.target, false); //matchCustomContent(event.target); }, false); } function triggerCustomContents() { var rootnode = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] var walker = document.createTreeWalker(rootnode, NodeFilter.SHOW_ALL, null, false) while (walker.nextNode()) { //LyHelper.log(walker.currentNode.tagName) translate(walker.currentNode, null); } } function stopObserver() { mutationObs.takeRecords(); mutationObs.disconnect(); } //init(); return { init: init, triggerCustomContents: triggerCustomContents, stopObserver: stopObserver, } }; } /** * * * @class Switcher */ class Switcher { constructor(switcherSettings) { LyHelper.log('Switcher instantiation'); this.lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; this.switcherElements = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.getElementsByClassName('ly-switcher-wrapper')); } init() { // Initial cart.attributes update LyHelper.shopifyAPI().getCart(function (cart) { var currentLanguage = langify.locale.iso_code; if(!cart.attributes.language || cart.attributes.language != currentLanguage) { LyHelper.shopifyAPI().updateCartAttributes({"language": currentLanguage}, function(data){}); } }); if(langify.locale.languages.length === 1) { console.info(`%c LANGIFY INFO:\n`, 'font-weight: bold;', 'The language switcher is hidden! This can have one of the following reasons: \n * All additional languages are disabled in the "Langify -> Dashboard -> Languages" section. \n * If you are using different domains for your additional languages, ensure that "Cross Domain Links" are enabled inside the "Langify -> Dashboard -> Switcher Configurator -> Domains" section.'); return false; } this.setCustomPosition(); this.initCustomDropdown(); this.bindCountrySwitchers(); this.bindCurrencySwitchers(); this.bindLanguageSwitchers(); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.switcher.initialized', { bubbles: true, detail: {} }); } initCustomDropdown() { // Custom Dropdown var root = this; var switcher = document.getElementsByClassName('ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); for(var a = 0; a < switcher.length; a++) { switcher[a].classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); var isOut = LyHelper.isOutOfViewport(switcher[a]); if(isOut.bottom && isOut.inViewport) { switcher[a].classList.add('ly-is-dropup'); var arrows = switcher[a].querySelectorAll('.ly-arrow'); for(var b = 0; b < arrows.length; b++) { arrows[b].classList.add('ly-arrow-up'); } } switcher[a].classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); switcher[a].onclick = function(event) { root.toggleSwitcherOpen(this); } } document.addEventListener('click', function(event) { if(!event.target.closest('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher')) { var openSwitchers = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher.ly-is-open') for(var i = 0; i < openSwitchers.length; i++) { openSwitchers[i].classList.remove('ly-is-open'); } } }); } bindLanguageSwitchers() { var root = this; var links = document.getElementsByClassName('ly-languages-switcher-link'); for(var l = 0; l < links.length; l++) { links[l].addEventListener('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled() && this.getAttribute('href') !== '#') { var domain = this.getAttribute('href'); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this.getAttribute('data-language-code'), 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', this.getAttribute('data-language-code'), null, null, domain); }); } // Native select event handling var nativeLangifySelects = document.querySelectorAll('select.ly-languages-switcher'); for(var i = 0; i < nativeLangifySelects.length; i++) { nativeLangifySelects[i].onchange = function() { event.preventDefault(); if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled() && this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-domain') !== '#') { var domain = this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-domain'); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'), 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'), null, null, domain); }; } } bindCountrySwitchers() { var countrySelectSwitcher = document.querySelectorAll('select.ly-country-switcher'); var countryCustomSwitcher = document.querySelectorAll('div.ly-country-switcher a'); for(var i=0; i 0) { countryCode = Object.values(languageDomains)[0].getAttribute('hreflang'); countryCode = countryCode.split('-'); if(countryCode[1]) { countryCode = countryCode[1] } else { } } return countryCode; } } /** * * * @class LanguageDetection */ class LanguageDetection { hreflangList = null; constructor() { LyHelper.log('LanguageDetection instantiation'); } init() { if(LyHelper.inIframe()) return null; var currentLang = langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase(); //var localizationData = this.getLocalizationData(); this.hreflangList = this.getHreflangList(); var userLang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage; userLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); var bot = /bot|google|baidu|bing|msn|duckduckbot|teoma|slurp|yandex|Chrome-Lighthouse/i.test(navigator.userAgent); var blockedRoutes = window.lyBlockedRoutesList || []; var blockedRoute = blockedRoutes.find(x => window.location.pathname.indexOf(x) === 0); var is404 = document.getElementsByClassName('template-404').length; if(LyHelper.getVal('redirected') === 'true') { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', currentLang, 365); var _href = window.location.href; history.replaceState(null, '', _href.replace(/(\?|&)(redirected=true)/i, '')); return null; } if(!is404 && !bot && !blockedRoute && LyHelper.getVal('ly-lang-detect') !== 'off') { if(userLang && !LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')) { var hasMatch = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); if(currentLang !== this._hreflangToLanguageCode(hasMatch)) { if(hasMatch) { this.redirectMatched(userLang); } else if (!hasMatch && langify.settings.switcher.languageDetectionDefault) { // Redirect to default language this.redirectMatched(langify.settings.switcher.languageDetectionDefault); } } } else { if(LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected') && LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected') !== currentLang) { // Only save cookie when the domain feature is active if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled()) { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', currentLang, 365); } this.redirectMatched(LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')); } } } this._geolocationAppSupport(); } redirectMatched(userLang) { var match = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); if(match) { this.redirectHref(match.href, match.lang); } return match; } matchHreflangList(userLang) { var matchedHreflang = false; var browserLang = userLang; // Find candidates var candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang === browserLang); if(candidates.length === 0) { browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0); } if(candidates.length === 0) { browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase().substring(0, 2); candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0); } // Handle candidates if(candidates.length === 1) { return({href: candidates[0].href, lang: browserLang}); } else if(candidates.length > 1) { var preferedCandidate = candidates.find(item => item.href.indexOf(window.location.host) >= 0) if(preferedCandidate) { return({href: preferedCandidate.href, lang: browserLang}); } else { return({href: candidates[0].href, lang: browserLang}); } } return false; } redirectHref(href, userLang) { var queryString = window.location.search; if(queryString === '') { queryString = '?redirected=true'; } else { queryString += '&redirected=true'; } window.location.replace(href + queryString); } getHreflangList() { var hreflangTags = document.querySelectorAll('link[hreflang]'); var hreflangList = []; var countryCode = false; // Cross Domain Links option if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled()) { for(var i = 0; i < langify.locale.languages.length; i++) { hreflangList.push({ href: 'https://' + langify.locale.languages[i].domain + window.location.pathname + window.location.search + window.location.hash, lang: langify.locale.languages[i].iso_code, }); } } for(var i = 0; i < hreflangTags.length; i++) { var hreflang = hreflangTags[i].getAttribute('hreflang').toLowerCase(); hreflang = hreflang.replace('zh-hans', 'zh-cn').replace('zh-hant', 'zh-tw'); // Chinese special cases hreflangList.push({ href: hreflangTags[i].getAttribute('href'), lang: hreflang }); } return hreflangList; } _langToHreflang(userLang) { var hreflang = ''; this.hreflangList.map(function(item) { if(item.lang === userLang) { hreflang = userLang; } }); if(hreflang === '') { this.hreflangList.map(function(item) { var browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); if(item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0) { hreflang = browserLang; } else if(item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang.substring(0, 2)) === 0) { hreflang = browserLang.substring(0, 2); } }); } return hreflang || userLang; } _hreflangToLanguageCode(hreflangTag) { if(!hreflangTag || !hreflangTag.lang) return false; var languageCode = false; langify.locale.languages.forEach(function(item) { if(item.iso_code.toLowerCase() === hreflangTag.lang.toLowerCase()) { languageCode = item.iso_code; } }); if(!languageCode) { langify.locale.languages.forEach(function(item) { if(item.iso_code.toLowerCase() === hreflangTag.lang.substring(0, 2).toLowerCase()) { languageCode = item.iso_code; } }); } return languageCode; } _geolocationAppSupport() { var target = document.querySelector('body'); var config = { childList: true, subtree: true }; var geolocationObserver = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type === 'childList' && mutation.addedNodes.length > 0) { var target = mutation.target.getElementsByClassName('locale-bar__form'); if(target[0]) { target[0].onsubmit = function() { var locale_code = target[0].elements['locale_code'].value; var selector = target[0].getElementsByClassName('locale-bar__selector'); if(selector.length >= 1) { locale_code = selector[0].options[selector[0].selectedIndex].value; } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', locale_code, 365); }; } var selectors = mutation.target.getElementsByClassName('locale-selectors__selector'); if(selectors.length > 0) { for(var selector of selectors) { if(selector.getAttribute('name') === 'locale_code') { selector.onchange = function() { var locale_code = selector.options[selector.selectedIndex].value; LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', locale_code, 365); }; } } } } }); }); geolocationObserver.observe(target, config); setTimeout(function() { geolocationObserver.disconnect(); }, 10000); } } /** * * * @class Recommendation */ class Recommendation extends LanguageDetection { constructor() { super(); LyHelper.log('Recommendation instantiation'); } init() { this.hreflangList = this.getHreflangList(); var userLang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage; userLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); var recommendation = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); var recommendationLanguageCode = this._hreflangToLanguageCode(recommendation); if(recommendationLanguageCode && recommendationLanguageCode !== langify.locale.iso_code && !LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')) { this.recommended_language_code = recommendationLanguageCode; this.recommended_country_code = null; this.recommended_currency_code = null; this._translateStrings(recommendationLanguageCode); this._bindings(); } else { return false; } } _translateStrings(languageCode) { var recommendationElement = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation')[0]; var strings = langify.settings.switcher.recommendation_strings[languageCode]; var recommendationStr = 'Looks like your browser is set to [[language]]. Change the language?'; var buttonStr = 'Change'; var matchedLanguageCode = this._langToHreflang(languageCode).toLowerCase(); var languageStr = langify.settings.switcher.languages.find(x => x.iso_code.toLowerCase() === matchedLanguageCode) ? langify.settings.switcher.languages.find(x => x.iso_code.toLowerCase() === matchedLanguageCode).name : languageCode.toUpperCase(); if(strings) { recommendationStr = strings.recommendation ? strings.recommendation : recommendationStr; buttonStr = strings.button ? strings.button : buttonStr; languageStr = strings.language ? strings.language : languageStr; } var newCode = recommendationElement.innerHTML; newCode = newCode.replaceAll('[[recommendation]]', recommendationStr).replaceAll('[[button]]', buttonStr).replaceAll('[[language]]', languageStr); recommendationElement.innerHTML = newCode; } _bindings() { var _this = this; var lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; var recommendationElement = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation')[0]; var form = recommendationElement.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation-form')[0]; var links = recommendationElement.getElementsByClassName('ly-custom-dropdown-list-element'); var customDropdown = recommendationElement.querySelectorAll('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); var nativeSelects = recommendationElement.getElementsByClassName('ly-native-select'); form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if(_this.recommended_country_code || _this.recommended_currency_code) { // When a country or currency is involved, use old redirection var additionalFields = []; if(_this.recommended_country_code) { additionalFields.push({ name: 'country_code', value: _this.recommended_country_code }); } if(_this.recommended_currency_code) { additionalFields.push({ name: 'currency_code', value: _this.recommended_currency_code }); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', _this.recommended_language_code, 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', _this.recommended_language_code, additionalFields); } else { //...or use new hreflang redirection _this.redirectMatched(_this.recommended_language_code); } }); // Overwrite switchers for(var l = 0; l < links.length; l++) { links[l].addEventListener('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); // When clicked from within a custom dropdown var parentCustomDropdown = event.currentTarget.closest('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); if(parentCustomDropdown) { _this._selectCustomDropdownEntry(parentCustomDropdown, this); } else { _this.recommended_language_code = this.getAttribute('data-language-code'); } }); } for(var i = 0; i < nativeSelects.length; i++) { nativeSelects[i].onchange = _this._selectNativeDropdownEntry.bind(this); if(nativeSelects[i].classList.contains('ly-languages-switcher')) { nativeSelects[i].value = _this.recommended_language_code; } } for(var i = 0; i < customDropdown.length; i++) { if(recommendationElement.className.indexOf('bottom') > -1) { customDropdown[i].classList.add('ly-is-dropup'); } if(customDropdown[i].classList.contains('ly-languages-switcher')) { _this._selectCustomDropdownEntry(customDropdown[i], customDropdown[i].querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list a[data-language-code="'+ _this.recommended_language_code +'"]')); } } if(!lyForceOff) { recommendationElement.classList.add('ly-is-open'); } } _selectNativeDropdownEntry(event) { event.preventDefault(); var element = event.currentTarget; var _this = this; if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-language-code')) { _this.recommended_language_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'); } if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-country-code')) { _this.recommended_country_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-country-code'); } if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { _this.recommended_currency_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-currency-code'); } } _selectCustomDropdownEntry(element, entry) { if(!entry) return; var _this = this; var currentElem = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-current'); var currentIcon = currentElem.querySelector('.ly-icon'); var currentLabel = currentElem.querySelector('span'); var valueToSelect = ''; if(entry.hasAttribute('data-language-code')) { _this.recommended_language_code = entry.getAttribute('data-language-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_language_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-country-code')) { _this.recommended_country_code = entry.getAttribute('data-country-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_country_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { _this.recommended_currency_code = entry.getAttribute('data-currency-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_currency_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-country-code') && entry.hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { valueToSelect = _this.recommended_country_code + '-' + _this.recommended_currency_code; } if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current')) { element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current').classList.remove('current'); element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li[key="'+ valueToSelect +'"]').classList.add('current'); } if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current span')) currentLabel.innerHTML = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current span').innerHTML; if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current .ly-icon')) currentIcon.classList = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current .ly-icon').classList; } toggleOpen(e) { e.closest('.ly-recommendation').classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); if(!e.closest('.ly-recommendation').classList.contains('ly-is-open')) { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this.recommended_language_code, 365); } } } /** * * * @class Langify */ class Langify { constructor(settings, locale) { LyHelper.log('Langify instantiation') var translationObserver = new TranslationObserver().init(); langify.helper = new LyHelper(); LyHelper.log(langify.helper); var lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; if(lyForceOff === 'true') { document.getElementById('preview-bar-iframe').classList.add('ly-hide'); return false; } if(settings.theme && ((settings.theme.loadJquery && settings.theme.loadJquery === true) || typeof settings.theme.loadJquery === 'undefined')) { if(typeof jQuery === 'undefined') { LyHelper.loadScript('//cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js', function() {}); } } //document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { langify.switcher = new Switcher(); langify.switcher.init(); if(settings.switcher) { if(settings.switcher.recommendation && settings.switcher.recommendation_enabled) { langify.recommendation = new Recommendation(); langify.recommendation.init(); } else { if(settings.switcher.languageDetection) { langify.languageDetection = new LanguageDetection(); langify.languageDetection.init(); } } } //}); } } // Polyfills (function(){var t;null==window.MutationObserver&&(t=function(){function t(t){this.callBack=t}return t.prototype.observe=function(t,n){return this.element=t,this.interval=setInterval((e=this,function(){var t;if((t=e.element.innerHTML)!==e.oldHtml)return e.oldHtml=t,e.callBack.apply(null)}),200);var e},t.prototype.disconnect=function(){return window.clearInterval(this.interval)},t}(),window.MutationObserver=t)}).call(this); !function(){"use strict";if("object"==typeof window)if("IntersectionObserver"in window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in window&&"intersectionRatio"in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)"isIntersecting"in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype||Object.defineProperty(window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype,"isIntersecting",{get:function(){return this.intersectionRatio>0}});else{var t=function(t){for(var e=window.document,o=i(e);o;)o=i(e=o.ownerDocument);return e}(),e=[],o=null,n=null;s.prototype.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT=100,s.prototype.POLL_INTERVAL=null,s.prototype.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER=!0,s._setupCrossOriginUpdater=function(){return o||(o=function(t,o){n=t&&o?l(t,o):{top:0,bottom:0,left:0,right:0,width:0,height:0},e.forEach(function(t){t._checkForIntersections()})}),o},s._resetCrossOriginUpdater=function(){o=null,n=null},s.prototype.observe=function(t){if(!this._observationTargets.some(function(e){return e.element==t})){if(!t||1!=t.nodeType)throw new Error("target must be an Element");this._registerInstance(),this._observationTargets.push({element:t,entry:null}),this._monitorIntersections(t.ownerDocument),this._checkForIntersections()}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(t){this._observationTargets=this._observationTargets.filter(function(e){return e.element!=t}),this._unmonitorIntersections(t.ownerDocument),0==this._observationTargets.length&&this._unregisterInstance()},s.prototype.disconnect=function(){this._observationTargets=[],this._unmonitorAllIntersections(),this._unregisterInstance()},s.prototype.takeRecords=function(){var t=this._queuedEntries.slice();return this._queuedEntries=[],t},s.prototype._initThresholds=function(t){var e=t||[0];return Array.isArray(e)||(e=[e]),e.sort().filter(function(t,e,o){if("number"!=typeof t||isNaN(t)||t<0||t>1)throw new Error("threshold must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusively");return t!==o[e-1]})},s.prototype._parseRootMargin=function(t){var e=(t||"0px").split(/\s+/).map(function(t){var e=/^(-?\d*\.?\d+)(px|%)$/.exec(t);if(!e)throw new Error("rootMargin must be specified in pixels or percent");return{value:parseFloat(e[1]),unit:e[2]}});return e[1]=e[1]||e[0],e[2]=e[2]||e[0],e[3]=e[3]||e[1],e},s.prototype._monitorIntersections=function(e){var o=e.defaultView;if(o&&-1==this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(e)){var n=this._checkForIntersections,r=null,s=null;this.POLL_INTERVAL?r=o.setInterval(n,this.POLL_INTERVAL):(h(o,"resize",n,!0),h(e,"scroll",n,!0),this.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER&&"MutationObserver"in o&&(s=new o.MutationObserver(n)).observe(e,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,characterData:!0,subtree:!0})),this._monitoringDocuments.push(e),this._monitoringUnsubscribes.push(function(){var t=e.defaultView;t&&(r&&t.clearInterval(r),c(t,"resize",n,!0)),c(e,"scroll",n,!0),s&&s.disconnect()});var u=this.root&&(this.root.ownerDocument||this.root)||t;if(e!=u){var a=i(e);a&&this._monitorIntersections(a.ownerDocument)}}},s.prototype._unmonitorIntersections=function(e){var o=this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(e);if(-1!=o){var n=this.root&&(this.root.ownerDocument||this.root)||t;if(!this._observationTargets.some(function(t){var o=t.element.ownerDocument;if(o==e)return!0;for(;o&&o!=n;){var r=i(o);if((o=r&&r.ownerDocument)==e)return!0}return!1})){var r=this._monitoringUnsubscribes[o];if(this._monitoringDocuments.splice(o,1),this._monitoringUnsubscribes.splice(o,1),r(),e!=n){var s=i(e);s&&this._unmonitorIntersections(s.ownerDocument)}}}},s.prototype._unmonitorAllIntersections=function(){var t=this._monitoringUnsubscribes.slice(0);this._monitoringDocuments.length=0,this._monitoringUnsubscribes.length=0;for(var e=0;e=0&&m>=0&&{top:c,bottom:a,left:f,right:d,width:g,height:m}||null),!v)break;_=_&&p(_)}return v}},s.prototype._getRootRect=function(){var e;if(this.root&&!d(this.root))e=u(this.root);else{var o=d(this.root)?this.root:t,n=o.documentElement,i=o.body;e={top:0,left:0,right:n.clientWidth||i.clientWidth,width:n.clientWidth||i.clientWidth,bottom:n.clientHeight||i.clientHeight,height:n.clientHeight||i.clientHeight}}return this._expandRectByRootMargin(e)},s.prototype._expandRectByRootMargin=function(t){var e=this._rootMarginValues.map(function(e,o){return"px"==e.unit?e.value:e.value*(o%2?t.width:t.height)/100}),o={top:t.top-e[0],right:t.right+e[1],bottom:t.bottom+e[2],left:t.left-e[3]};return o.width=o.right-o.left,o.height=o.bottom-o.top,o},s.prototype._hasCrossedThreshold=function(t,e){var o=t&&t.isIntersecting?t.intersectionRatio||0:-1,n=e.isIntersecting?e.intersectionRatio||0:-1;if(o!==n)for(var i=0;i