Skip to main content

Penyebab vena laba-laba + 5 tips pro yang harus dihindari

Apa itu vena laba-laba?

Vena laba-laba, juga dikenal sebagai vena benang, muncul di kaki atau wajah, dan bisa berwarna biru, merah atau ungu. Mereka kecil, pembuluh darah bengkok yang menjadi terlihat melalui kulit, apakah sebagai jaring, cabang atau garis tipis. Meskipun tidak menyakitkan atau mengkhawatirkan, orang sering ingin merawatnya untuk tujuan kosmetik. 

Vena laba-laba tidak boleh disamakan dengan varises, yang merupakan tahap lebih lanjut dari kondisi ini, di mana vena menonjol saat berdiri. Varises juga berhubungan dengan rasa sakit, bengkak, gatal dan pembekuan darah, yang tidak terjadi pada spider veins. 

Apa yang menyebabkan vena laba-laba?

Ketika katup di pembuluh darah melemah, darah berjuang untuk mengalir ke arah yang benar dan dapat menggumpal di tempat tertentu. Seiring waktu, tempat ini dapat menghasilkan tonjolan, terlihat melalui kulit sebagai urat laba-laba. 

Vena laba-laba lebih sering terjadi pada wanita, mereka ditularkan secara genetik, dan dapat memburuk seiring bertambahnya usia. Faktor risiko lain termasuk perubahan hormonal (seperti kehamilan), berdiri/duduk dalam waktu lama, riwayat pembekuan darah, dan kerusakan akibat sinar matahari. 

5 tips pro untuk menghindari spider veins

  1. Mengenakan kaus kaki kompresi . Kaus kaki kompresi atau stoking memberikan tekanan pada pembuluh darah, yang dapat meningkatkan aliran darah dan mencegah munculnya lebih banyak pembuluh darah laba-laba. 
  2. Memakai tabir surya . Terutama pada wajah, tabir surya dengan faktor UV yang tinggi dapat mencegah munculnya spider veins. Sinar UV diketahui dapat merusak kulit, termasuk dengan merusak pembuluh darah. 
  3. Tetap fit . Hindari duduk atau berdiri untuk waktu yang lama. Olahraga teratur meningkatkan sirkulasi darah, mencegah darah berkumpul di kaki. Mempertahankan berat badan yang sehat juga mengurangi tekanan pada pembuluh darah dan memungkinkan darah mengalir dengan baik. 
  4. Hindari panas yang berlebihan . Menghabiskan terlalu banyak waktu di bak mandi air panas atau sauna menyebabkan pembuluh darah melebar, yang pada gilirannya dapat menyebabkan pembuluh darah laba-laba di kaki. 
  5. Krim pereda . Cobalah perawatan kosmetik, seperti krim Swissforce Perfect Legs , yang menenangkan dan menenangkan kulit, meningkatkan tonus otot, merangsang sirkulasi darah, dan mengurangi kemerahan pada spider veins.

Keranjang Anda

Keranjang Anda saat ini kosong.
response.json()) .then(data => { params.success(data); }) .catch((error) => { console.error('Error:', error); }); } static isIE() { var ua = navigator.userAgent; var is_ie = ua.indexOf("MSIE ") > -1 || ua.indexOf("Trident/") > -1; return is_ie; } static extractImageObject(val) { if(!val || val == '') return false; var val = val; // Handle src-sets if(val.search(/([0-9]+w?h?x?,)/gi) > -1) { val = val.split(/([0-9]+w?h?x?,)/gi)[0]; } var hostBegin = val.indexOf('//') ? val.indexOf('//') : 0; var hostEnd = val.lastIndexOf('/') + 1; var host = val.substring(hostBegin, hostEnd); var afterHost = val.substring(hostEnd, val.length); var url = val; var file = ''; var name = ''; var type = ''; afterHost = afterHost.substring(0, (afterHost.indexOf("#") == -1) ? afterHost.length : afterHost.indexOf("#")); afterHost = afterHost.substring(0, (afterHost.indexOf("?") == -1) ? afterHost.length : afterHost.indexOf("?")); name = afterHost.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x|_{size})?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(png\.jpg|jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, ""); if(afterHost.search(/(\.png\.jpg|\.jpg\.jpg)/gi) > -1) { type = afterHost.substring(afterHost.search(/(\.png\.jpg|\.jpg\.jpg)/gi)+1, afterHost.length); } else { type = afterHost.substring(afterHost.lastIndexOf('.')+1, afterHost.length); } file = afterHost.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x|_{size})?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(png\.jpg|jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, '.'+type); return { host: host, name: name, type: type, file: file } } static getCurrentLanguage() { return window.langify.locale.iso_code; } static setLanguage(code) { } static getCookie(name) { var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?' + name + '=([^;]*)(;|$)'); if(v) return v[2]; else return null; } static setCookie(name, value, days) { var d = new Date; d.setTime(d.getTime() + 24*60*60*1000*days); document.cookie = name + "=" + value + ";path=/;expires=" + d.toGMTString(); } static getVersion() { return 2; } static isOutOfViewport (elem) { var bounding = elem.getBoundingClientRect(); var out = {}; out.top = bounding.top < 0; out.left = bounding.left < 0; out.bottom = Math.ceil(bounding.bottom) >= (window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight); out.right = bounding.right > (window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth); out.any = out.top || out.left || out.bottom || out.right; out.inViewport = bounding.x > 0 && bounding.y > 0; return out; } static isDomainFeatureEnabled() { return window.langify.locale.domain_feature_enabled; } static getVal(str) { var v = window.location.search.match(new RegExp('(?:[?&]'+str+'=)([^&]+)')); return v ? v[1] : null; } static inIframe() { try { return window.self !== window.top; } catch (e) { return true; } } static shopifyAPI() { var root_url = window.langify.locale.root_url != '/' ? window.langify.locale.root_url : ''; return { attributeToString: function(attribute) { if((typeof attribute) !== 'string') { attribute += ''; if(attribute === 'undefined') {attribute = '';} } return attribute.trim(); }, getCart: function(callback) { LyHelper.ajax({ method: 'GET', url: root_url+'/cart.js', success: function (cart, textStatus) { if((typeof callback) === 'function') { callback(cart); } } }); }, updateCartNote: function(note, callback) { var params = { method: 'POST', url: root_url+'/cart/update.js', data: 'note=' + this.attributeToString(note), dataType: 'json', success: function(cart) {if((typeof callback) === 'function') {callback(cart);}}, error: this.onError }; LyHelper.ajax(params); }, updateCartAttributes: function(attributes, callback) { var params = { method: 'POST', url: root_url+'/cart/update.js', data: {"attributes": attributes}, dataType: 'json', success: function(cart) { if((typeof callback) === 'function') { callback(cart); } }, error: this.onError }; LyHelper.ajax(params); }, onError: function(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus) { } } } static loadScript(url, callback) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; if(script.readyState) { script.onreadystatechange = function () { if(script.readyState == 'loaded' || script.readyState == 'complete') { script.onreadystatechange = null; callback(); } }; } else { script.onload = function () { callback(); }; } script.src = url; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script); } static localizationRedirect(type, code, additionalFields, additionalParams, domain) { if(type !== 'country_code' && type !== 'language_code') { return false; } if(!additionalParams) { var additionalParams = ''; } if(domain) { window.location.href = domain; return true; } var params = [ { name: type, value: code }, { name: 'return_to', value: window.location.pathname + window.location.search + additionalParams + window.location.hash }, { name: 'form_type', value: 'localization' }, { name: '_method', value: 'put' } ]; if(additionalFields) { for(var i=0; i childList'); }); } } // Off Screen //else if(targetIsIntersecting == true && intersection.isIntersecting == false) { // stopMutationObserver(target); //} target.setAttribute('ly-is-intersecting', intersection.isIntersecting); }); } // Mutation Observer function startMutationObserver(observerTarget) { if (!observerTarget) { var target = document.documentElement || document.body; // main window } else { if (observerTarget.nodeName === 'IFRAME') { try { var target = observerTarget.contentDocument || observerTarget.contentWindow.document; } catch { return false; } } else { var target = observerTarget; } } mutationObs = new MutationObserver(callbackDomChange); mutationObs.observe(target, mutationObsConfig); observedNodes.push(target); try { target.setAttribute('ly-is-observing', 'true'); } catch(e) {} } function stopMutationObserver(target) { if(observedNodes.indexOf(target) > -1) { observedNodes.splice(observedNodes.indexOf(target), 1); } var mutations = mutationObs.takeRecords(); mutationObs.disconnect(); observedNodes.forEach(node => { mutationObs.observe(node, mutationObsConfig); }); try { target.removeAttribute('ly-is-observing'); } catch(e) {} } function callbackDomChange(mutations, mutationObs) { for (var i = 0, length = mutations.length; i < length; i++) { var mutation = mutations[i]; var target = mutation.target; // Links-Hook if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && (mutation.attributeName === 'href' || mutation.attributeName === 'action')) { var target = mutation.target; translateLink(target.getAttribute(mutation.attributeName), target); } // Images-Hook else if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && (mutation.attributeName === 'src' || mutation.attributeName === 'data-src' || mutation.attributeName === 'srcset' || mutation.attributeName === 'data-srcset')) { translateImage(target, mutation.attributeName); } else if (mutation.type === 'attributes' && mutation.attributeName === 'style') { translateCssImage(target); } // Subtree Events else if (mutation.type === 'childList') { // Added Nodes if(mutation.addedNodes.length > 0) { var elementNodes = getNodesUnder(mutation.target, 'SHOW_ELEMENT'); var textNodes = getNodesUnder(mutation.target, 'SHOW_TEXT'); var nodes = elementNodes.concat(textNodes); nodes.forEach(function(node) { translate(node, 'mutation -> childList'); }); } } // CharacterData Events else if (mutation.type === 'characterData') { var target = mutation.target; translate(target, 'mutation -> characterData'); } } } function translate(node, info) { if((node.nodeType === 1 && node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked')) || (node.nodeType === 3 && node.parentNode && node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked'))) { return; } // CC-Hook if (node.nodeName !== 'SCRIPT' && node.nodeName !== 'STYLE') { if (node.nodeType === 3) { translateTextNode(node, info); } translateNodeAttrs(node); } // Links-Hook if (node.nodeName === 'A' || node.nodeName === 'FORM') { if(node.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; var url = node.getAttribute(attrName); translateLink(url, node); } // Images-Hook if (node.nodeName === 'IMG' || node.nodeName === 'SOURCE') { translateImage(node, ['src', 'data-src', 'srcset', 'data-srcset']); } if (node.attributes && node.getAttribute('style')) { translateCssImage(node); } // Iframe Observation if (node.nodeName === 'IFRAME') { // Todo: handle srcdoc iframe content observing if (node.getAttribute('ly-is-observing') == null && node.getAttribute('src') == null && !node.hasAttribute('srcdoc')) { node.setAttribute('ly-is-observing', 'true'); startMutationObserver(node); } } } function translateNodeAttrs(node) { if (node.attributes && node.getAttribute('placeholder')) { var src = node.getAttribute('placeholder').trim().replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gim,"").replace(/\s+/g," ").toLowerCase(); if(customContents_text[src] && node.getAttribute('placeholder') !== customContents_text[src]) { node.setAttribute('placeholder', customContents_text[src]); } } } function translateTextNode(node, info) { if(langify.settings.observeCustomContents === false || !node.textContent || node.textContent.trim().length === 0) { return; } var src = node.textContent.trim().replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gim,"").replace(/\s+/g," ").toLowerCase(); if(customContents_text[src] && node.textContent !== customContents_text[src]) { var newContent = node.textContent.replace(node.textContent.trim(), customContents_text[src]); if (newContent != node.textContent) { if(!node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count') || parseInt(node.parentNode.getAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count')) < langify.settings.maxMutations) { var count = node.parentNode.hasAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count') ? parseInt(node.parentNode.getAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count')) : 0; node.parentNode.setAttribute('data-ly-mutation-count', count+1); node.textContent = newContent; mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (TEXT)', { oldValue: src, newValue: customContents_text[src], mutationCount, }, 'success' ); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslatetext', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, original: src, translation: customContents_text[src] } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } } function translateLink(url, node) { if(langify.settings.observeLinks === false || isLocalizationForm(node) || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || !url || (url.indexOf('mailto:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('javascript:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('tel:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('file:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('ftp:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('sms:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('market:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('fax:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('callto:') !== -1 || url.indexOf('ts3server:') !== -1)) { return; } var isLocalized = ( url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code || url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase() +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase() || url.indexOf('/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase().substring(0,2) +'/') === 0 || url === '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase().substring(0,2) ); var cleanUrl = url.replace(langify.locale.shop_url, ''); var re = new RegExp(`\/\\b${langify.locale.iso_code.replace('-', '\-')}\\b\/`, 'gi'); var link = cleanUrl.replace(re, '/'); var isUrlAbsolute = (link.indexOf('://') > 0 || link.indexOf('//') === 0); var blacklist = ['#', '/'+ langify.locale.iso_code +'#'].concat(langify.settings.linksBlacklist); var isUrlBlacklisted = blacklist.find(x => url.indexOf(x) === 0); if(!isLocalized && !isUrlAbsolute && !isUrlBlacklisted && langify.locale.root_url != '/') { if(node.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; if(link === '/' || link == langify.locale.root_url) link = ''; var newLink = langify.locale.root_url + link; var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); node.setAttribute(attrName, newLink); if(node.hasAttribute('data-'+attrName)) node.setAttribute('data-'+attrName, newLink); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (LINK)', { attrName, oldValue: url, newValue: newLink, mutationCount, }, 'success' ); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslatelink', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, attribute: attrName, original: url, translation: newLink } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } function translateImage(node, attr) { if(langify.settings.observeImages === false || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || Object.keys(customContents_image).length === 0) { return } var attrs = []; if(typeof attr === 'string') attrs.push(attr); else if(typeof attr === 'object') attrs = attr; var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); attrs.forEach(function(attr) { if(node.hasAttribute(attr)) { var imgObject = LyHelper.extractImageObject(node.getAttribute(attr)); var imgKey = imgObject ? imgObject.file.toLowerCase() : ''; if(customContents_image[imgKey]) { // Replace var oldValue = node.getAttribute(attr); var translation = node.getAttribute(attr); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.host, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].host); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.name, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].name); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.type, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].type); // China Hook if(node.getAttribute(attr).indexOf('cdn.shopifycdn.net') >= 0) { translation = translation.replace(new RegExp('cdn.shopify.com', 'g'), 'cdn.shopifycdn.net'); } if(node.getAttribute(attr) != translation) { node.setAttribute(attr, translation); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; LyHelper.log('REPLACED (IMAGE)', { attrName: attr, oldValue: oldValue, newValue: translation, mutationCount, }, 'success'); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.observer.aftertranslateimage', { bubbles: true, detail: { target: node, attribute: attr, original: oldValue, translation: translation } }); node.dispatchEvent(event); } } } }); } } function translateCssImage(node) { if(langify.settings.observeImages === false || node.hasAttribute('data-ly-locked') || Object.keys(customContents_image).length === 0 || !node.getAttribute('style')) { return } var imgMatches = node.getAttribute('style').match(/url\(("|')?(.*)("|')?\)/gi); if(imgMatches !== null) { var imgSource = imgMatches[0].replace(/url\(("|')?|("|')?\)/, ''); var imgObject = LyHelper.extractImageObject(imgSource); var imgKey = imgObject ? imgObject.file.toLowerCase() : ''; var attr = 'style'; if(customContents_image[imgKey]) { // Replace var translation = node.getAttribute(attr); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.host, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].host); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.name, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].name); translation = translation.replace(new RegExp(imgObject.type, 'g'), customContents_image[imgKey].type); // China Hook if(node.getAttribute(attr).indexOf('cdn.shopifycdn.net') >= 0) { translation = translation.replace(new RegExp('cdn.shopify.com', 'g'), 'cdn.shopifycdn.net'); } if(node.getAttribute(attr) != translation) { var timeStamp = Math.floor(Date.now()); if(!node.hasAttribute('data-ly-processed') || timeStamp > parseInt(node.getAttribute('data-ly-processed')) + langify.settings.timeout) { node.setAttribute('data-ly-processed', timeStamp); node.setAttribute(attr, translation); mutationCount = mutationCount + 1; } } } } } function findAndLocalizeLinks(target, parent) { if(target.parentNode && parent) var allLinks = target.parentElement.querySelectorAll('[href],[action]'); else var allLinks = target.querySelectorAll('[href],[action]'); allLinks.forEach(link => { if(link.hasAttribute('href')) var attrName = 'href'; else var attrName = 'action'; var url = link.getAttribute(attrName); translateLink(url, link); }); } function isLocalizationForm(node) { if(node.querySelector('input[name="form_type"][value="localization"]')){ return true; } return false; } function getNodesUnder(el, show){ var n, a=[], walk=document.createTreeWalker(el, NodeFilter[show] , null, false); while(n=walk.nextNode()) a.push(n); return a; } function spreadCustomContents() { var getFileName = function(url) { if(!url || url == '') return; url = url.substring(0, (url.indexOf("#") == -1) ? url.length : url.indexOf("#")); url = url.substring(0, (url.indexOf("?") == -1) ? url.length : url.indexOf("?")); url = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/") + 1, url.length); url = url.replace(/(_[0-9]+x[0-9]*|_{width}x)?(_crop_(top|center|bottom|left|right))?(@[0-9]*x)?(\.progressive)?\.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp)/gi, ""); return '/' + url; } Object.entries(customContents).forEach(function(entry) { //if(/<\/?[a-z][\s\S]*>/i.test(entry[0])) customContents_html[entry[0]] = entry[1]; //else if(/(http(s?):)?([/|.|\w|\s|-])*\.(?:jpe?g|gif|png)/.test(entry[0])) customContents_image[getFileName(entry[0])] = getFileName(entry[1]); if(/(http(s?):)?([/|.|\w|\s|-])*\.(?:jpe?g|gif|png|webp)/.test(entry[0])) customContents_image[LyHelper.extractImageObject(entry[0]).file] = LyHelper.extractImageObject(entry[1]); else customContents_text[entry[0]] = entry[1]; }); LyHelper.log('CUSTOM CONTENTS:', {customContents, customContents_text, customContents_image}, 'info') } // Polyfill for old browsers function startMutationEvents() { var target = document.querySelector('body'); target.addEventListener("DOMAttrModified", function (event) { if(event.attrName === 'href' || event.attrName === 'action') { if(event.prevValue != event.newValue) { translateLink(event.newValue, event.target); } } }, false); target.addEventListener("DOMSubtreeModified", function (event) { //findAndLocalizeLinks(event.target, false); //matchCustomContent(event.target); }, false); } function triggerCustomContents() { var rootnode = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] var walker = document.createTreeWalker(rootnode, NodeFilter.SHOW_ALL, null, false) while (walker.nextNode()) { //LyHelper.log(walker.currentNode.tagName) translate(walker.currentNode, null); } } function stopObserver() { mutationObs.takeRecords(); mutationObs.disconnect(); } //init(); return { init: init, triggerCustomContents: triggerCustomContents, stopObserver: stopObserver, } }; } /** * * * @class Switcher */ class Switcher { constructor(switcherSettings) { LyHelper.log('Switcher instantiation'); this.lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; this.switcherElements = Array.prototype.slice.call(document.getElementsByClassName('ly-switcher-wrapper')); } init() { // Initial cart.attributes update LyHelper.shopifyAPI().getCart(function (cart) { var currentLanguage = langify.locale.iso_code; if(!cart.attributes.language || cart.attributes.language != currentLanguage) { LyHelper.shopifyAPI().updateCartAttributes({"language": currentLanguage}, function(data){}); } }); if(langify.locale.languages.length === 1) { console.info(`%c LANGIFY INFO:\n`, 'font-weight: bold;', 'The language switcher is hidden! This can have one of the following reasons: \n * All additional languages are disabled in the "Langify -> Dashboard -> Languages" section. \n * If you are using different domains for your additional languages, ensure that "Cross Domain Links" are enabled inside the "Langify -> Dashboard -> Switcher Configurator -> Domains" section.'); return false; } this.setCustomPosition(); this.initCustomDropdown(); this.bindCountrySwitchers(); this.bindCurrencySwitchers(); this.bindLanguageSwitchers(); var event = new CustomEvent('langify.switcher.initialized', { bubbles: true, detail: {} }); } initCustomDropdown() { // Custom Dropdown var root = this; var switcher = document.getElementsByClassName('ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); for(var a = 0; a < switcher.length; a++) { switcher[a].classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); var isOut = LyHelper.isOutOfViewport(switcher[a]); if(isOut.bottom && isOut.inViewport) { switcher[a].classList.add('ly-is-dropup'); var arrows = switcher[a].querySelectorAll('.ly-arrow'); for(var b = 0; b < arrows.length; b++) { arrows[b].classList.add('ly-arrow-up'); } } switcher[a].classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); switcher[a].onclick = function(event) { root.toggleSwitcherOpen(this); } } document.addEventListener('click', function(event) { if(!event.target.closest('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher')) { var openSwitchers = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher.ly-is-open') for(var i = 0; i < openSwitchers.length; i++) { openSwitchers[i].classList.remove('ly-is-open'); } } }); } bindLanguageSwitchers() { var root = this; var links = document.getElementsByClassName('ly-languages-switcher-link'); for(var l = 0; l < links.length; l++) { links[l].addEventListener('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled() && this.getAttribute('href') !== '#') { var domain = this.getAttribute('href'); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this.getAttribute('data-language-code'), 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', this.getAttribute('data-language-code'), null, null, domain); }); } // Native select event handling var nativeLangifySelects = document.querySelectorAll('select.ly-languages-switcher'); for(var i = 0; i < nativeLangifySelects.length; i++) { nativeLangifySelects[i].onchange = function() { event.preventDefault(); if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled() && this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-domain') !== '#') { var domain = this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-domain'); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'), 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', this[this.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'), null, null, domain); }; } } bindCountrySwitchers() { var countrySelectSwitcher = document.querySelectorAll('select.ly-country-switcher'); var countryCustomSwitcher = document.querySelectorAll('div.ly-country-switcher a'); for(var i=0; i 0) { countryCode = Object.values(languageDomains)[0].getAttribute('hreflang'); countryCode = countryCode.split('-'); if(countryCode[1]) { countryCode = countryCode[1] } else { } } return countryCode; } } /** * * * @class LanguageDetection */ class LanguageDetection { hreflangList = null; constructor() { LyHelper.log('LanguageDetection instantiation'); } init() { if(LyHelper.inIframe()) return null; var currentLang = langify.locale.iso_code.toLowerCase(); //var localizationData = this.getLocalizationData(); this.hreflangList = this.getHreflangList(); var userLang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage; userLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); var bot = /bot|google|baidu|bing|msn|duckduckbot|teoma|slurp|yandex|Chrome-Lighthouse/i.test(navigator.userAgent); var blockedRoutes = window.lyBlockedRoutesList || []; var blockedRoute = blockedRoutes.find(x => window.location.pathname.indexOf(x) === 0); var is404 = document.getElementsByClassName('template-404').length; if(LyHelper.getVal('redirected') === 'true') { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', currentLang, 365); var _href = window.location.href; history.replaceState(null, '', _href.replace(/(\?|&)(redirected=true)/i, '')); return null; } if(!is404 && !bot && !blockedRoute && LyHelper.getVal('ly-lang-detect') !== 'off') { if(userLang && !LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')) { var hasMatch = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); if(currentLang !== this._hreflangToLanguageCode(hasMatch)) { if(hasMatch) { this.redirectMatched(userLang); } else if (!hasMatch && langify.settings.switcher.languageDetectionDefault) { // Redirect to default language this.redirectMatched(langify.settings.switcher.languageDetectionDefault); } } } else { if(LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected') && LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected') !== currentLang) { // Only save cookie when the domain feature is active if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled()) { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', currentLang, 365); } this.redirectMatched(LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')); } } } this._geolocationAppSupport(); } redirectMatched(userLang) { var match = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); if(match) { this.redirectHref(match.href, match.lang); } return match; } matchHreflangList(userLang) { var matchedHreflang = false; var browserLang = userLang; // Find candidates var candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang === browserLang); if(candidates.length === 0) { browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0); } if(candidates.length === 0) { browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase().substring(0, 2); candidates = this.hreflangList.filter(item => item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0); } // Handle candidates if(candidates.length === 1) { return({href: candidates[0].href, lang: browserLang}); } else if(candidates.length > 1) { var preferedCandidate = candidates.find(item => item.href.indexOf(window.location.host) >= 0) if(preferedCandidate) { return({href: preferedCandidate.href, lang: browserLang}); } else { return({href: candidates[0].href, lang: browserLang}); } } return false; } redirectHref(href, userLang) { var queryString = window.location.search; if(queryString === '') { queryString = '?redirected=true'; } else { queryString += '&redirected=true'; } window.location.replace(href + queryString); } getHreflangList() { var hreflangTags = document.querySelectorAll('link[hreflang]'); var hreflangList = []; var countryCode = false; // Cross Domain Links option if(LyHelper.isDomainFeatureEnabled()) { for(var i = 0; i < langify.locale.languages.length; i++) { hreflangList.push({ href: 'https://' + langify.locale.languages[i].domain + window.location.pathname + window.location.search + window.location.hash, lang: langify.locale.languages[i].iso_code, }); } } for(var i = 0; i < hreflangTags.length; i++) { var hreflang = hreflangTags[i].getAttribute('hreflang').toLowerCase(); hreflang = hreflang.replace('zh-hans', 'zh-cn').replace('zh-hant', 'zh-tw'); // Chinese special cases hreflangList.push({ href: hreflangTags[i].getAttribute('href'), lang: hreflang }); } return hreflangList; } _langToHreflang(userLang) { var hreflang = ''; this.hreflangList.map(function(item) { if(item.lang === userLang) { hreflang = userLang; } }); if(hreflang === '') { this.hreflangList.map(function(item) { var browserLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); if(item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang) === 0) { hreflang = browserLang; } else if(item.lang.toLowerCase().indexOf(browserLang.substring(0, 2)) === 0) { hreflang = browserLang.substring(0, 2); } }); } return hreflang || userLang; } _hreflangToLanguageCode(hreflangTag) { if(!hreflangTag || !hreflangTag.lang) return false; var languageCode = false; langify.locale.languages.forEach(function(item) { if(item.iso_code.toLowerCase() === hreflangTag.lang.toLowerCase()) { languageCode = item.iso_code; } }); if(!languageCode) { langify.locale.languages.forEach(function(item) { if(item.iso_code.toLowerCase() === hreflangTag.lang.substring(0, 2).toLowerCase()) { languageCode = item.iso_code; } }); } return languageCode; } _geolocationAppSupport() { var target = document.querySelector('body'); var config = { childList: true, subtree: true }; var geolocationObserver = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type === 'childList' && mutation.addedNodes.length > 0) { var target = mutation.target.getElementsByClassName('locale-bar__form'); if(target[0]) { target[0].onsubmit = function() { var locale_code = target[0].elements['locale_code'].value; var selector = target[0].getElementsByClassName('locale-bar__selector'); if(selector.length >= 1) { locale_code = selector[0].options[selector[0].selectedIndex].value; } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', locale_code, 365); }; } var selectors = mutation.target.getElementsByClassName('locale-selectors__selector'); if(selectors.length > 0) { for(var selector of selectors) { if(selector.getAttribute('name') === 'locale_code') { selector.onchange = function() { var locale_code = selector.options[selector.selectedIndex].value; LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', locale_code, 365); }; } } } } }); }); geolocationObserver.observe(target, config); setTimeout(function() { geolocationObserver.disconnect(); }, 10000); } } /** * * * @class Recommendation */ class Recommendation extends LanguageDetection { constructor() { super(); LyHelper.log('Recommendation instantiation'); } init() { this.hreflangList = this.getHreflangList(); var userLang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage; userLang = userLang.toLowerCase(); var recommendation = this.matchHreflangList(userLang); var recommendationLanguageCode = this._hreflangToLanguageCode(recommendation); if(recommendationLanguageCode && recommendationLanguageCode !== langify.locale.iso_code && !LyHelper.getCookie('ly-lang-selected')) { this.recommended_language_code = recommendationLanguageCode; this.recommended_country_code = null; this.recommended_currency_code = null; this._translateStrings(recommendationLanguageCode); this._bindings(); } else { return false; } } _translateStrings(languageCode) { var recommendationElement = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation')[0]; var strings = langify.settings.switcher.recommendation_strings[languageCode]; var recommendationStr = 'Looks like your browser is set to [[language]]. Change the language?'; var buttonStr = 'Change'; var matchedLanguageCode = this._langToHreflang(languageCode).toLowerCase(); var languageStr = langify.settings.switcher.languages.find(x => x.iso_code.toLowerCase() === matchedLanguageCode) ? langify.settings.switcher.languages.find(x => x.iso_code.toLowerCase() === matchedLanguageCode).name : languageCode.toUpperCase(); if(strings) { recommendationStr = strings.recommendation ? strings.recommendation : recommendationStr; buttonStr = strings.button ? strings.button : buttonStr; languageStr = strings.language ? strings.language : languageStr; } var newCode = recommendationElement.innerHTML; newCode = newCode.replaceAll('[[recommendation]]', recommendationStr).replaceAll('[[button]]', buttonStr).replaceAll('[[language]]', languageStr); recommendationElement.innerHTML = newCode; } _bindings() { var _this = this; var lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; var recommendationElement = document.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation')[0]; var form = recommendationElement.querySelectorAll('.ly-recommendation-form')[0]; var links = recommendationElement.getElementsByClassName('ly-custom-dropdown-list-element'); var customDropdown = recommendationElement.querySelectorAll('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); var nativeSelects = recommendationElement.getElementsByClassName('ly-native-select'); form.addEventListener('submit', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); if(_this.recommended_country_code || _this.recommended_currency_code) { // When a country or currency is involved, use old redirection var additionalFields = []; if(_this.recommended_country_code) { additionalFields.push({ name: 'country_code', value: _this.recommended_country_code }); } if(_this.recommended_currency_code) { additionalFields.push({ name: 'currency_code', value: _this.recommended_currency_code }); } LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', _this.recommended_language_code, 365); LyHelper.localizationRedirect('language_code', _this.recommended_language_code, additionalFields); } else { //...or use new hreflang redirection _this.redirectMatched(_this.recommended_language_code); } }); // Overwrite switchers for(var l = 0; l < links.length; l++) { links[l].addEventListener('click', function(event) { event.preventDefault(); // When clicked from within a custom dropdown var parentCustomDropdown = event.currentTarget.closest('.ly-custom-dropdown-switcher'); if(parentCustomDropdown) { _this._selectCustomDropdownEntry(parentCustomDropdown, this); } else { _this.recommended_language_code = this.getAttribute('data-language-code'); } }); } for(var i = 0; i < nativeSelects.length; i++) { nativeSelects[i].onchange = _this._selectNativeDropdownEntry.bind(this); if(nativeSelects[i].classList.contains('ly-languages-switcher')) { nativeSelects[i].value = _this.recommended_language_code; } } for(var i = 0; i < customDropdown.length; i++) { if(recommendationElement.className.indexOf('bottom') > -1) { customDropdown[i].classList.add('ly-is-dropup'); } if(customDropdown[i].classList.contains('ly-languages-switcher')) { _this._selectCustomDropdownEntry(customDropdown[i], customDropdown[i].querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list a[data-language-code="'+ _this.recommended_language_code +'"]')); } } if(!lyForceOff) { recommendationElement.classList.add('ly-is-open'); } } _selectNativeDropdownEntry(event) { event.preventDefault(); var element = event.currentTarget; var _this = this; if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-language-code')) { _this.recommended_language_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-language-code'); } if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-country-code')) { _this.recommended_country_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-country-code'); } if(element[element.selectedIndex].hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { _this.recommended_currency_code = element[element.selectedIndex].getAttribute('data-currency-code'); } } _selectCustomDropdownEntry(element, entry) { if(!entry) return; var _this = this; var currentElem = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-current'); var currentIcon = currentElem.querySelector('.ly-icon'); var currentLabel = currentElem.querySelector('span'); var valueToSelect = ''; if(entry.hasAttribute('data-language-code')) { _this.recommended_language_code = entry.getAttribute('data-language-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_language_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-country-code')) { _this.recommended_country_code = entry.getAttribute('data-country-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_country_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { _this.recommended_currency_code = entry.getAttribute('data-currency-code'); valueToSelect = _this.recommended_currency_code; } if(entry.hasAttribute('data-country-code') && entry.hasAttribute('data-currency-code')) { valueToSelect = _this.recommended_country_code + '-' + _this.recommended_currency_code; } if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current')) { element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current').classList.remove('current'); element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li[key="'+ valueToSelect +'"]').classList.add('current'); } if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current span')) currentLabel.innerHTML = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current span').innerHTML; if(element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current .ly-icon')) currentIcon.classList = element.querySelector('.ly-custom-dropdown-list li.current .ly-icon').classList; } toggleOpen(e) { e.closest('.ly-recommendation').classList.toggle('ly-is-open'); if(!e.closest('.ly-recommendation').classList.contains('ly-is-open')) { LyHelper.setCookie('ly-lang-selected', this.recommended_language_code, 365); } } } /** * * * @class Langify */ class Langify { constructor(settings, locale) { LyHelper.log('Langify instantiation') var translationObserver = new TranslationObserver().init(); langify.helper = new LyHelper(); LyHelper.log(langify.helper); var lyForceOff = location.search.split('ly-force-off=')[1]; if(lyForceOff === 'true') { document.getElementById('preview-bar-iframe').classList.add('ly-hide'); return false; } if(settings.theme && ((settings.theme.loadJquery && settings.theme.loadJquery === true) || typeof settings.theme.loadJquery === 'undefined')) { if(typeof jQuery === 'undefined') { LyHelper.loadScript('//cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js', function() {}); } } //document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { langify.switcher = new Switcher(); langify.switcher.init(); if(settings.switcher) { if(settings.switcher.recommendation && settings.switcher.recommendation_enabled) { langify.recommendation = new Recommendation(); langify.recommendation.init(); } else { if(settings.switcher.languageDetection) { langify.languageDetection = new LanguageDetection(); langify.languageDetection.init(); } } } //}); } } // Polyfills (function(){var t;null==window.MutationObserver&&(t=function(){function t(t){this.callBack=t}return t.prototype.observe=function(t,n){return this.element=t,this.interval=setInterval((e=this,function(){var t;if((t=e.element.innerHTML)!==e.oldHtml)return e.oldHtml=t,e.callBack.apply(null)}),200);var e},t.prototype.disconnect=function(){return window.clearInterval(this.interval)},t}(),window.MutationObserver=t)}).call(this); !function(){"use strict";if("object"==typeof window)if("IntersectionObserver"in window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in window&&"intersectionRatio"in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)"isIntersecting"in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype||Object.defineProperty(window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype,"isIntersecting",{get:function(){return this.intersectionRatio>0}});else{var t=function(t){for(var e=window.document,o=i(e);o;)o=i(e=o.ownerDocument);return e}(),e=[],o=null,n=null;s.prototype.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT=100,s.prototype.POLL_INTERVAL=null,s.prototype.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER=!0,s._setupCrossOriginUpdater=function(){return o||(o=function(t,o){n=t&&o?l(t,o):{top:0,bottom:0,left:0,right:0,width:0,height:0},e.forEach(function(t){t._checkForIntersections()})}),o},s._resetCrossOriginUpdater=function(){o=null,n=null},s.prototype.observe=function(t){if(!this._observationTargets.some(function(e){return e.element==t})){if(!t||1!=t.nodeType)throw new Error("target must be an Element");this._registerInstance(),this._observationTargets.push({element:t,entry:null}),this._monitorIntersections(t.ownerDocument),this._checkForIntersections()}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(t){this._observationTargets=this._observationTargets.filter(function(e){return e.element!=t}),this._unmonitorIntersections(t.ownerDocument),0==this._observationTargets.length&&this._unregisterInstance()},s.prototype.disconnect=function(){this._observationTargets=[],this._unmonitorAllIntersections(),this._unregisterInstance()},s.prototype.takeRecords=function(){var t=this._queuedEntries.slice();return this._queuedEntries=[],t},s.prototype._initThresholds=function(t){var e=t||[0];return Array.isArray(e)||(e=[e]),e.sort().filter(function(t,e,o){if("number"!=typeof t||isNaN(t)||t<0||t>1)throw new Error("threshold must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusively");return t!==o[e-1]})},s.prototype._parseRootMargin=function(t){var e=(t||"0px").split(/\s+/).map(function(t){var e=/^(-?\d*\.?\d+)(px|%)$/.exec(t);if(!e)throw new Error("rootMargin must be specified in pixels or percent");return{value:parseFloat(e[1]),unit:e[2]}});return e[1]=e[1]||e[0],e[2]=e[2]||e[0],e[3]=e[3]||e[1],e},s.prototype._monitorIntersections=function(e){var o=e.defaultView;if(o&&-1==this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(e)){var n=this._checkForIntersections,r=null,s=null;this.POLL_INTERVAL?r=o.setInterval(n,this.POLL_INTERVAL):(h(o,"resize",n,!0),h(e,"scroll",n,!0),this.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER&&"MutationObserver"in o&&(s=new o.MutationObserver(n)).observe(e,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,characterData:!0,subtree:!0})),this._monitoringDocuments.push(e),this._monitoringUnsubscribes.push(function(){var t=e.defaultView;t&&(r&&t.clearInterval(r),c(t,"resize",n,!0)),c(e,"scroll",n,!0),s&&s.disconnect()});var u=this.root&&(this.root.ownerDocument||this.root)||t;if(e!=u){var a=i(e);a&&this._monitorIntersections(a.ownerDocument)}}},s.prototype._unmonitorIntersections=function(e){var o=this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(e);if(-1!=o){var n=this.root&&(this.root.ownerDocument||this.root)||t;if(!this._observationTargets.some(function(t){var o=t.element.ownerDocument;if(o==e)return!0;for(;o&&o!=n;){var r=i(o);if((o=r&&r.ownerDocument)==e)return!0}return!1})){var r=this._monitoringUnsubscribes[o];if(this._monitoringDocuments.splice(o,1),this._monitoringUnsubscribes.splice(o,1),r(),e!=n){var s=i(e);s&&this._unmonitorIntersections(s.ownerDocument)}}}},s.prototype._unmonitorAllIntersections=function(){var t=this._monitoringUnsubscribes.slice(0);this._monitoringDocuments.length=0,this._monitoringUnsubscribes.length=0;for(var e=0;e=0&&m>=0&&{top:c,bottom:a,left:f,right:d,width:g,height:m}||null),!v)break;_=_&&p(_)}return v}},s.prototype._getRootRect=function(){var e;if(this.root&&!d(this.root))e=u(this.root);else{var o=d(this.root)?this.root:t,n=o.documentElement,i=o.body;e={top:0,left:0,right:n.clientWidth||i.clientWidth,width:n.clientWidth||i.clientWidth,bottom:n.clientHeight||i.clientHeight,height:n.clientHeight||i.clientHeight}}return this._expandRectByRootMargin(e)},s.prototype._expandRectByRootMargin=function(t){var e=this._rootMarginValues.map(function(e,o){return"px"==e.unit?e.value:e.value*(o%2?t.width:t.height)/100}),o={top:t.top-e[0],right:t.right+e[1],bottom:t.bottom+e[2],left:t.left-e[3]};return o.width=o.right-o.left,o.height=o.bottom-o.top,o},s.prototype._hasCrossedThreshold=function(t,e){var o=t&&t.isIntersecting?t.intersectionRatio||0:-1,n=e.isIntersecting?e.intersectionRatio||0:-1;if(o!==n)for(var i=0;i